Understanding Glaucoma: Early Detection and Treatment Options

Understanding Glaucoma: Early Detection and Treatment Options

Glaucoma is often called the “silent thief of sight” — and for good reason. It develops quietly, with no noticeable symptoms in its early stages, until irreversible damage has already occurred. Affecting millions worldwide, this condition leads to optic nerve damage, usually caused by increased eye pressure, and is a leading cause of preventable blindness, especially among individuals over 60.

What Is Glaucoma?

The term Glaucoma is used to refer to a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve — a vital link between your eye and brain. In most cases, this damage is related to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), caused by poor drainage of the fluid (aqueous humor) in the eye. When fluid isn’t able to drain properly, pressure builds up and begins to wear down the optic nerve over time.

There are two main types:

  • Open-angle glaucoma (most common): Develops slowly, with no early warning signs. It occurs when the eye’s drainage system becomes inefficient, allowing pressure to gradually build.
  • Angle-closure glaucoma: Less common but more acute. This type can develop suddenly and is considered a medical emergency. Symptoms include severe eye pain, nausea, blurred vision, and seeing halos around lights.

Without early detection and treatment, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss — often beginning with peripheral (side) vision.

Recognizing the Risks

While glaucoma awareness is growing, many people remain unaware of their risk. You may be more likely to develop glaucoma if you:

  • Are over 40 years old
  • Have a family history of glaucoma
  • Have high eye pressure
  • Live with diabetes, hypertension, or poor circulation
  • Have had eye injuries or use long-term steroid medications

 

If you fall into one or more of these categories, routine ophthalmology services and eye screenings are critical.

Diagnosing Glaucoma: More Than Just Eye Pressure

A comprehensive glaucoma exam typically includes the following:

  • Measuring intraocular pressure
  • Examining the optic nerve
  • Testing peripheral vision
  • Checking the eye’s drainage angle
  • Imaging tests like OCT-A (Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography), which provides a detailed view of blood flow and nerve structure

 

These tests help detect glaucoma early — before you even notice changes in your vision.

Treatment Options: Protecting What You Have

There’s currently no cure for glaucoma, but early interventions can help prevent or slow down vision loss.

1. Medication

Prescription eye drops are the most common treatment. They work by either reducing fluid production or improving fluid drainage to lower pressure. Consistency is key, as skipping doses can reverse progress.

2. Laser Procedures

Laser therapy, such as trabeculoplasty for open-angle glaucoma or iridotomy for angle-closure types, helps improve fluid flow and reduce pressure.

3. Surgery

If medications and lasers aren’t effective, surgical procedures can help create new drainage pathways.

Each treatment plan is personalized. Your ophthalmologist will work closely with you to monitor progress and adjust treatment as needed.

The Takeaway: Stay Ahead of Glaucoma

Glaucoma doesn’t have to steal your sight. The best defense is awareness, early detection, and regular eye exams — especially if you’re in a higher-risk group. If you’re experiencing blurry vision, eye discomfort, or simply haven’t had a check-up in a while, consult your eye care provider.

Patel Hospital is committed to glaucoma awareness, prevention, and compassionate care. If you're over 40, have risk factors, or haven’t had an eye exam recently, schedule your appointment with our ophthalmology department today. Early detection can save your sight.