Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting millions of women worldwide, especially during their reproductive years. It disrupts the balance of reproductive hormones, often leading to irregular periods, infertility, excessive hair growth, acne, and weight gain. Patel Hospital’s Obstetricians and gynecology specialists are dedicated to guiding women through accurate diagnosis, compassionate care, and effective PCOS treatment options.

What Is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

PCOS occurs when the ovaries produce excess androgens—male hormones that disrupt normal ovulation. This hormonal imbalance can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, missed periods, and difficulties with conception. Contrary to the name, not all women with PCOS have ovarian cysts, and the condition varies widely in presentation and severity.

PCOS is also closely linked with other health conditions such as insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular risks. Women diagnosed early and treated appropriately can manage the symptoms effectively and lead healthy lives.

Symptoms to Watch For

Common symptoms of PCOS include:

  • Irregular or missed periods
  • Excess facial and body hair (hirsutism)
  • Acne, especially on the face, chest, and back
  • Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
  • Thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp
  • Darkened skin patches (acanthosis nigricans)
  • Infertility or trouble conceiving

Each woman may experience PCOS differently, so recognizing early signs and consulting a healthcare provider is crucial.

Causes and Risk Factors

While the exact cause of PCOS remains unclear, several contributing factors include:

  • Genetics: PCOS tends to run in families.
  • Insulin resistance: High insulin levels can increase androgen production and worsen symptoms.
  • Low-grade inflammation: This chronic condition can also lead to higher androgen levels.
  • Obesity: A significant risk factor that can intensify hormonal imbalances.

Diagnosis of PCOS

OB/GYN specialists usually diagnose PCOS based on a combination of three key indicators:

  1. Irregular or absent menstrual cycles
  2. Signs of excess androgens (such as acne or hirsutism) or elevated androgen levels in blood tests
  3. Enlarged ovaries or multiple follicles seen on ultrasound

Meeting at least two of these criteria often leads to a PCOS diagnosis.

PCOS Treatment Options

At Patel Hospital, PCOS treatment is personalized to your health goals—whether it's regulating menstrual cycles, reducing symptoms, or addressing fertility concerns. Treatment plans may include:

  • Lifestyle modifications: Weight loss through diet and exercise can reduce insulin resistance and restore ovulation.
  • Hormonal birth control: Pills, patches, or IUDs help regulate periods and control acne and excess hair growth.
  • Metformin: A diabetes medication that improves insulin sensitivity and menstrual regularity.
  • Ovulation-inducing medications: For those trying to conceive, drugs like clomiphene or letrozole can promote ovulation.
  • Surgical options: Rarely, ovarian drilling may be considered if medications are ineffective.
  • Cosmetic and dermatological treatments: For managing acne or unwanted hair growth.

Managing Life with PCOS

Coping with PCOS often means making long-term lifestyle changes. Maintaining a healthy weight, following a balanced diet, and exercising regularly can make a significant difference. Emotional support and regular follow-ups with your OB/GYN are equally important.

At Patel Hospital, our OBS and Gynecologists provide comprehensive care and counseling for PCOS and all aspects of women’s reproductive health. Whether you're seeking diagnosis, treatment, or fertility support, our team is here to guide you with expertise and empathy.